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2011年北京外国语大学英语学院812英汉互译（笔译）真题及详解

I. Translate the following passages into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet. (50 points, 25points each)

Passage 1

It is the unanimous view of our committee that America today faces a serious and intensifying challenge with regard to its future competitiveness and standard of living. Further we appear to be on a losing path. We are here today hoping both to elevate the nation’s awareness of this developing situation and to propose constructive solutions.

The thrust of our findings is straightforward. The standard of living of Americans in the years ahead will depend to a very large degree on the quality of the jobs that they are able to hold. Without quality jobs our citizens will not have the purchasing power to support the standard of living which they seek, and to which many have become accustomed; tax revenues will not be generated to provide for strong national security and healthcare; and the lack of a vibrant domestic consumer market will provide a disincentive for either U.S. or foreign companies to invest in jobs in America.

What has brought about the current situation? The answer is that the prosperity equation has a new ingredient, an ingredient that some have referred to as “The Death of Distance”. In the last century, breakthroughs in aviation created the opportunity to move people and goods rapidly and efficiently over very great distances. Bill Gates has referred to aviation as the “World Wide Web of the twentieth century”. In the early part of the present century, we are approaching the point where the communication, storage and processing of information are nearly free. That is, we can now move not only physical items efficiently over great distances, and we can also transport information in large volumes and at little cost. (276 words, Rising Above the Gathering Storms)

【参考译文】

我们委员会一致认为今天的美国，其未来的竞争力和生活水平面临着严峻的挑战。未来我们似乎在往一条失败的道路上行进。所以我们今天在这里希望提高民族对这一发展形势的警惕，来寻求建设的解决方案。

根据我们的调查结果，结论简单明了。美国生活水平在今后的几年中将很大程度上依靠人们能获得的工作的质量。若工作质量不高，公民将无法拥有足够的购买力来维持他们所希望的生活水平，或之前已经习惯了的生活水平；也不能产生税收收入，为国家安全及卫生保健提供强大的支持；而国内消费市场不景气的话，就不能激励美国或国外公司在美国投资，进而不能产生新的工作。

是什么导致了目前的形势？答案是因为繁荣方程式增加了一个新的因素，有些人把它叫做“距离消失”。在上个世纪，航海上的突破使远距离人和货物有效快速的移动成为了可能。比尔盖茨曾经把航海当做“二十世纪的万维网”。在本世纪早期，信息的沟通、存储和处理接近自由，现在，我们不仅能远距离有效的移动具体物件，还能实现低成本，大批量的信息运输。

Passage 2

Germany as a whole is underemployed. Germans in work put in an average of 1,430 hours in 2006, the third-lowest rate in the OECD. Even after the labour-market reforms, long-term unemployment remains well above the OECD average. More than half a million immigrants cannot do the jobs for which they trained because Germany does not recognize their qualifications, a case of credentialism gone wild. A country in demographic decline cannot afford such waste. By 2035 Germany’s GDP per person will fall by 8-15% relative to that in other rich European countries and in America.

To head off such relative decline, Germany needs to re-engineer not only the welfare state but its attitudes towards immigrants, women and people over 60. Against its conservative instincts it has made a start. In the past ten years it had done more to integrate minorities than in the previous 40. When “guest workers” from Turkey, Italy and Greece flooded in to alleviate labor shortages in the 1950s and 60s, Germans thought they would eventually leave again; during the 1980s the government tried to pay them to go. Now it accepts that Germany is an “immigration country”. A citizenship law passed in 2000 which said that people not born German could become so was followed in 2005 by an immigration law that inched open the doors for skilled foreigners.

The government has maintained a cautious momentum, balancing welcome with a demand that immigrants adapt to German ways. Under a “national integration plan” orchestrated by the grand coalition, language training for immigrants and their children is being expanded and businesses have promised to create extra training places for migrants. The coalition set up a standing “Islam Conference” to negotiate relations between the religion and the state. Its main successes were to establish that Muslims see no contradiction between their faith and Germany’s constitution, and to agree in principle to teach Islam in state schools, as Judaism and Christianity already are. (323 words)

【参考译文】

整体上德国就业不充分。在2006年，德国平均工作时间为1430个小时，在经济合作与发展组织中工作时间倒数第三。甚至在劳动市场改革后，长时间的失业率仍遥遥超出经济合作与发展组织的平均水平。超过五十万的移民因德国不承认其资格而不能从事他们已经受训的工作，文凭主义极度疯狂。这在一个人口不断减少的国家是实在再浪费不起的。到2035年德国的人均GDP将比其他富裕的欧洲国家和美国下降8—15%。

为了阻止这种相对下降，德国需要给其福利现状重新注入活力，改变对待移民妇女和60岁以上人群的态度。德国从其保守的本能起步，在过去的十年中，在融合少数群体上比前四十年做的还多。在19世纪五六十年代，当土耳其、意大利和希腊的客籍工人涌入德国，本可以缓解其劳动力缺乏的状况的时候，德国认为他们最终会离去。在19世纪八十年代，试图出钱让他们离开。现在，德国接受了其作为移民国家的事实。在2000年通过的公民法律中表明非德国本土出生的人可以成为德国公民，接连出台的2005年的移民法又规定大开对技术国外工人的大门。

维护了一种谨慎的动态，既表示了对移民者的欢迎，又与要求他们适应德国方式平衡起来。根据大联盟安排的“民族融合计划”，针对移民及其后代的语言训练正在扩大，而商业方面也保证将为移民提供更多的接受工作训练的场所。大联盟还成立了长期的“伊斯兰会议”来协调宗教与国家的关系，其取得的最大成绩就是让穆斯林消除其信仰对德国宪法的矛盾，像犹太教和基督教一样，大体上赞成在公立学校教授伊斯兰教。

II. Translate the following passages into English and write your translation on the answer sheet. (50 points, 25 points each)

Passage 1

美国公务员工资制度的建立，实质上还是由市场决定的，各种有关工资的法律制度是根据市场变化产生的。美国总统、州长、议员等公务员职务还有人去干，这说明他们接受那样的工资标准，因为没人强迫他们去当公务员，所以，现实中几乎听不到公务员抱怨自己的工资低。这好比体育比赛，运动员参加比赛就要遵守早已制定好的比赛规则，不能到了比赛场上，说规则对自己不利，要修改。

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