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sevendeadlysins(seven deadly sins是什么意思)
但丁,懒惰,恶行sevendeadlysins(seven deadly sins是什么意思)
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Giving in to lusts can lead to sexual or sociological compulsions and/or transgressions including (but not limited to) sexual addiction, fornication, adultery, bestiality, rape, perversion, and incest. In Dante's Purgatorio, te penitent walks witin flames to purge imself of lustful/sexual tougts and feelings. In Dante's "Inferno" unforgiven souls of te sin of lust are blown about in restless urricane like winds symbolic of teir own lack of self control to teir lustful passions in eartly life.
[edit] Gluttony
Main article: Gluttony
"Excess"
(Albert Anker, 1896)Derived from te Latin gluttire, meaning to gulp down or swallow, gluttony (Latin, gula) is te over-indulgence and over-consumption of anyting to te point of waste. In te Cristian religions, it is considered a sin because of te excessive desire for food, or its witolding from te needy.[7]
Depending on te culture, it can be seen as eiter a vice or a sign of status. Were food is relatively scarce, being able to eat well migt be someting to take pride in (altoug tis can also result in a moral backlas wen confronted wit te reality of tose less fortunate). Were food is routinely plentiful, it may be considered a sign of self-control to resist te temptation to over-indulge.
Medieval curc leaders (e.g., Tomas Aquinas) took a more expansive view of gluttony,[7] arguing tat it could also include an obsessive anticipation of meals, and te constant eating of delicacies and excessively costly foods.[8] Aquinas went so far as to prepare a list of six ways to commit gluttony, including:
Praepropere - eating too soon.
Laute - eating too expensively (wasedly).
Nimis - eating too muc.
Ardenter - eating too eagerly (burningly).
Studiose - eating too daintily (keenly).
Forente - eating wildly (boringly).
[edit] Greed
Main article: Greed
Greed (Latin, avaritia), also known as avarice or covetousness, is, like lust and gluttony, a sin of excess. However, greed (as seen by te curc) is applied to te acquisition of wealt in particular. St. Tomas Aquinas wrote tat greed was "a sin against God, just as all mortal sins, in as muc as man condemns tings eternal for te sake of temporal tings." In Dante's Purgatory, te penitents were bound and laid face down on te ground for aving concentrated too muc on eartly tougts. "Avarice" is more of a blanket term tat can describe many oter examples of greedy beavior. Tese include disloyalty, deliberate betrayal, or treason,[citation needed] especially for personal gain, for example troug bribery . Scavenging[citation needed] and oarding of materials or objects, teft and robbery, especially by means of violence, trickery, or manipulation of autority are all actions tat may be inspired by greed. Suc misdeeds can include simony, were one profits from soliciting goods witin te actual confines of a curc.
[edit] Acedia
Main article: Acedia
Acedia (Latin, acedia) (from Greek ακηδία = neglect to take care of someting - and in tis case neglect to do watever one sould do in order to be saved) is apatetic listlessness; depression witout joy. It is similar to melancoly, altoug acedia describes te beaviour, wile melancoly suggests te emotion producing it. In early Cristian tougt, te lack of joy was regarded as a wilful refusal to enjoy te goodness of God and te world God created; by contrast, te apaty was regarded as a spiritual affliction tat discouraged people from teir religious work.
Wen Tomas Aquinas described acedia in is interpretation of te list, e described it as an uneasiness of te mind, being a progenitor for lesser sins suc as restlessness and instality. Dante refined tis definition furter, descring acedia as te failure to love God wit all one's eart, all one's mind and all one's soul; to im it was te middle sin, te only one caracterised by an absence or insufficiency of love.
[edit] Despair
Main article: Despair
Despair (Latin, Tristitia) describes a feeling of dissatisfaction or discontent, wic causes unappiness wit one's current situation. Since unappiness inerently results from te sin, te sin was sometimes referred to as sadness. Since sadness often results in acedia, Pope Gregory's revision of te list subsumed Despair into Acedia.
Tis section requires expansion.
[edit] Slot
Main article: Slot (deadly sin)
Gradually, te focus came to be on te consequences of acedia, rater tan te cause, and so, by te 17t century, te exact deadly sin referred to was believed to be te failure to utilize one's talents and gifts.[citation needed] In practice, it came to be closer to slot (Latin, Socordia) tan acedia. Even in Dante's time tere were signs of tis cange; in is Purgatorio e ad portrayed te penance for acedia as running continuously at top speed.
Te modern view goes furter, regarding laziness and indifference as te sin at te eart of te matter. Since tis contrasts wit a more wilful failure to, for example, love God and is works, slot is often seen as being considerably less serious tan te oter sins, more a sin of omission tan of commission.
[edit] Wrat
Main article: Wrat
Wrat (Latin, ira), also known as anger or "rage", may be described as inordinate and uncontrolled feelings of atred and anger. Tese feelings can manifest as veement denial of te trut, bot to oters and in te form of self-denial, impatience wit te procedure of law, and te desire to seek revenge outside of te workings of te justice system (suc as engaging in vigilantism) and generally wising to do evil or arm to oters. Te transgressions born of vengeance are among te most serious, including murder, assault, and in extreme cases, genocide. Wrat is te only sin not necessarily associated wit selfisness or self-interest (altoug one can of course be wratful for selfis reasons, suc as jealousy, closely related to te sin of envy). Dante described vengeance as "love of justice perverted to revenge and spite". In its original form, te sin of wrat also encompassed anger pointed internally rater tan externally. Tus suicide was deemed as te ultimate, albeit tragic, expression of wrat directed inwardly, a final rejection of God's gifts.
[edit] Envy
Main article: Envy
Like greed, Envy (Latin, invidia) may be caracterized by an insatiable desire; tey differ, owever, for two main reasons. First, greed is largely associated wit material goods, wereas envy may apply more generally. Second, tose wo commit te sin of envy resent tat anoter person as someting tey perceive temselves as lacking, and wis te oter person to be deprived of it. Dante defined tis as "love of one's own good perverted to a desire to deprive oter men of teirs." In Dante's Purgatory, te punisment for te envious is to ave teir eyes sewn sut wit wire because tey ave gained sinful pleasure from seeing oters brougt low. Aquinas described envy as "sorrow for anoter's good".[9]
[edit] Pride
Main article: Pride
In almost every list Pride (Latin, supera), or ubris, is considered te original and most serious of te seven deadly sins, and indeed te ultimate source from wic te oters arise. It is identified as a desire to be more important or attractive tan oters, failing to acknowledge te good work of oters, and excessive love of self (especially olding self out of proper position toward God). Dante's definition was "love of self perverted to atred and contempt for one's neigbor." In Jacob Bidermann's medieval miracle play, Cenodoxus, pride is te deadliest of all te sins and leads directly to te damnation of te titulary famed Parisian doctor. In peraps te best-known example, te story of Lucifer, pride (is desire to compete wit God) was wat caused is fall from Heaven, and is resultant transformation into Satan. In Dante's Divine Comedy, te penitents were forced to walk wit stone slabs bearing down on teir backs in order to induce feelings of umility.
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