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49. barber /ˈbɑ:bə/n. 理发师
Book3 Unit4
1. astronomy / əˈstrɒnəmi/ n.天文学
△ astronomer /əs'trɒnəmə/ n.天文学家
2. △solar /'səʊlə/ adj.太阳的;日光的
3. system /ˈsɪstəm/n. [C]系统;体系;制度
4. religion /rɪ'lɪdʒən/n. [C,U ] 宗教;宗教信仰
5. theory /'θɪərɪ/n. [C]学说;理论
However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a "Big Bang" that threw matter in all directions. 然而,一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是:宇宙起源于一次大爆炸,这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。(P25)
6. △Big Bang n.宇宙大爆炸, 创世大爆炸
7. atom /'ætəm/ n.原子
8. billion /'bɪljən/pron.&n.&adj.万亿;十亿
For several billion years after the"Big Bang", the earth was still just a cloud of dust. 大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了,但地球还只是一团尘埃。(P25)
9. globe / gləʊb /n.球体;地球仪;地球
What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道,直到38—45亿年前,这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。(P25)
△global /'gləʊbəl/ adj.全球的;全世界的
Global warming is a serious problem. 全球变暖是个严重的问题。
10. violent /'vaɪələnt/adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的
The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球(开始)变得激烈动荡,不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。(P25)
11.in time 及时;终于;迟早
They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. 最终产生了碳,氮气,水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。(P25)
12. carbon /'kɑ:bən/n.碳
13. △nitrogen/'naɪtrɪdʒən/ n.氮
14. △vapour /'veɪpə/ n.蒸气;水蒸气
15. atmosphere/'ætməsfɪə/ n. [C,U] 大气层;气氛
16. unlike /'ʌn'laɪk/prep.不同;不像(反义词like)
Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. 在火星这些其他行星上都出现了水,但和地球不同的是,这些水后来都消失了。(P26)
17. fundamental/'fʌndə'mentl/ adj.基础的;基本的
It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水对于生命的发展会起关键作用,这一点在当时并不明显。(P26)
18. △presence/'prezns/ n. 出席;到场;存在
What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信,由于地球上长期有水存在,使得地球得以把有害气体和酸物质溶解在海洋里。(P26)
19. △dissolve/dɪ'zɒlv/ vt. & vi.溶解;解散
20. harmful /'hɑ:mful/adj.有害的
21. acid /'æsɪd/ n. 酸
22. chain /tʃeɪn/ n.[C,U] 链子;连锁;锁链
This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命就有可能开始发展了。(P26)
23. △reaction/rɪ'ækʃən/ n.反应;回应
24. multiply /'mʌltɪplaɪ/vt. &vi. 繁殖;增加;乘
They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. 他们繁殖起来就使得海洋充满了氧气,这为早期的贝类及其他各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。(P26)
25. oxygen /'ɒksɪdʒən/n.氧
26. △shellfish/'ʃelfɪʃ/ n.水生有壳动物
27. △amphibian /æm'fɪbɪən/ n.两栖动物
28. △reptile /'reptaɪl/ n.爬行动物;爬虫
29. lay eggs 下蛋;产卵(laid,laid,laying)
They produced young entirely by laying eggs. 他们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。(P26)
They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 他们也生蛋,在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(P26)
30. exist /ɪg'zɪst/ vi.存在,生存
31. △mammal /'mæml/ n.哺乳动物
This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. 恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的增多有了可能。(P26)
32. give birth to 产生;分娩
These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. 这些动物不同于以往所有的生物形态,因为他们能从体内生产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。(P26)
33. thus /ðʌs/ adv. 因此;于是
Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. 于是,他们接着成为这个行星上最重要的动物。(P26)
34.in one's turn 轮到某人;接着
35. dioxide /daɪ'ɒksaɪd/n. 二氧化物
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。(P26)
36. prevent...fromdoing sth. 阻止;制止
37. puzzle /'pʌzl/n.[C] 难题;谜vi.&vt. (使)迷惑;(使)为难
How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.
生命是如何在地球上开始的是科学家发现很难解决的最大难题之一。(P27)
38. biology /baɪ'ɒlədʒɪ/n.生物学
biologist /baɪ'ɒlədʒɪst/ n.生物学家
39. gravity /'grævɪtɪ/ n.万有引力;重力
40. satellite/'sætəlaɪt/ n.卫星;人造卫星
41. gentle /'dʒentl/adj. 温和的;文雅的
42. △geologist/dʒɪ'ɒlədʒɪst/ n.地质学家
43. physicist /'fɪzɪsɪst/ n.物理学家
44. block out 挡住(光线)
45. △extinct/ɪks'tɪŋkt/ adj.灭绝的;绝种的
46. climate /'klaɪmɪt/ n.气候
Since the last ice age, the climate of the earth has not changed very much. 自从上一个冰河时期,地球上的气候就没有太大的改变。(P29)
47. △comet/'kɒmɪt/ n.慧星
48. crash /kræʃ/ vi. &vt.碰撞;坠落n. 碰撞;相撞
A comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance of dinosaurs. 彗星很久以前撞击地球并引起了恐龙的灭绝。(P29)
49. spaceship/'speɪsʃɪp/ n.宇航飞船
We visited the moon in our spaceship! 我们乘宇宙飞船参观了月球。(P30)
50. pull /pul/ (反义词push) n. 拉;拖;牵引力vt.拉;拖;牵引
As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity. 随着火箭的升空,由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力,我们被向后推在座位上。(P30)
51. △lessen /'lesn/ vi. &vt.减少;减轻
Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. 随后,这个力量慢慢减小,我才能够同他讲话。(P30)
52. cheer up(使)高兴起来,(使)振作起来
I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin.
我立刻高兴起来,身体失重在太空舱中到处飘来飘去。(P31)
53. float /fləʊt/ vi.&vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮n.漂浮物
54. △weightlessly adv.失重地
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