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过去式的构成(九年级英语 第九单元知识汇总)
语态,动词,宾语过去式的构成(九年级英语 第九单元知识汇总)
发布时间:2020-12-06加入收藏来源:互联网点击:
9年级 Unit 9 When was it invented?
一、知识要点梳理
1. I think the calculator was invented before the computer. 我认为计算器的发明比计算机早。
(1) was invented为一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为:“was / were 及物动词的过去分词”。
The bridge was built in 1967. 这座大桥是1967年建的。
The radio was repaired yesterday afternoon. 收音机是昨天下午修好的。
(2) invent意为“发明”,表示设计出或制造出以前没有的东西,因而又引申为“编造、虚构”等意思。
Who invented the glass? 谁发明了玻璃?
He invented a story to explain why he was late. 他编造借口来解释迟到的原因。
●友情提示● invention n. 发明,创造;inventor n. 发明者,创造者; inventive Bdj. 有发明才能的。
The light bulb is a great invention. 电灯泡是一项伟大的发明。
Edison was a famous inventor in the world. 爱迪生是世界上一位著名的发明家。
The boy has inventive powers. 这男孩有发明创造的能力。
●病句诊所●
吉尔伯特发现了电,爱迪生发明了电灯。
误:Gilbert invented electricity, but Edison invented the electric light bulb.
正:Gilbert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the electric light bulb.
析:表示发现客观存在的但以前不为人知的事物或发现已为人知的事物的新的性质或新的用途时要用动词discover,而不用invent。
2. They’re used for seeing in the dark. 它们用来在黑暗中看东西。
●词语辨析● be used for, be used by, be used as与be used to do
① be used for意为“被用来做……”;介词for后接名词或动词的-ing形式,表示用途。
A pen is used for writing. 钢笔是用来写字的。
Wood can be used for building. 木材可以用来搞建筑
② be used by意为“被……使用”,介词by后面接名词或代词,表示动作的执行者。
Tractors are used by the farmers. 农民使用拖拉机。
English is used by travelers and business people all over the world. 世界各地的旅行者和商人都使用英语。
③ be used as意为“被用作……”,介词as意为“作为”,其后一般接名词,强调使用的工具及手段。
English is used as the second language in many countries. 英语在许多国家被当作第二语言使用。
“Swim” can be used as a noun. Swim可以用作名词。
④ be used to do意为“被用来做……”,其中的to为不定式符号。
Knives can be used to cut apples. 刀可以用来切苹果。
Wind and water can be used to produce electricity. 风和水可以用来发电。
●友情提示●
① be used to (doing) sth. 意为“习惯做某事”,其中的to为介词,后面可接名词、代词或v.-ing形式,系动词be可换为get / become。
He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。
She isn’t used to staying up late. 她不习惯于熬夜。
② used to do sth. 表示“过去常常做某事”,暗含现在不再做。
I used to go to school on foot, but I don’t do that now. 我过去常常步行上学,而现在不那样了。
She used to live in the country. 她以前住在乡下。
3. I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb. 我认为最有用的发明是电灯炮。
helpful是由名词help加上-ful后缀构成的形容词,意为“有帮助的”,类似的形容词还有:
thank—thankful (感谢的、感激的) grate—grateful(感谢的、感激的)
use—useful (有用的) wonder—wonderful(令人惊奇的)
forget—forgetful (健忘的) success—successful(成功的)
beauty—beautiful (美丽的) pain—painful(疼痛的)
4. Potato chips were invented by mistake. 薯条是由一个错误才发明的。
在本句中,mistake作名词。另外,它还可用作动词。其常见用法有:
(1) 用作名词
① 表示“(言语或行为上的)错误,失误”。
It’s easy to make a mistake. 犯错误很容易。
He who makes no mistakes, makes nothing. 不犯错误的人必然一事无成。
② 表示“(用词或数字上的)错误、口语、笔误”。
My writing is full of spelling mistakes. 我的文章到处是拼写错误。
③ 常用短语by mistake意为“错误地;由于出差错”。
I took your pen by mistake. 我错拿了你的钢笔。
I took her umbrella by mistake last night, because they are the same style. 昨晚我错拿了她的雨伞,因为它们是相同型号。
(2) 用作动词
① 表示“误会;误解”,它的过去式是mistook,过去分词是mistaken。另外,mistaken还可用作形容词,表示“错误的、弄错的”。
Sorry, I mistook what you said. 对不起,我误会你的意思了。
You are mistaken about him. 你误会了他。
② 常见短语mistake sb. / sth. for sb. / sth. 把……错当成……。
She mistook Mr Brown for a Frenchman. 她把布朗先生误认为法国人。
She always mistakes Lucy for Salina. 她总是把露茜错认为是塞琳娜。
5. Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident? 你知道茶——世界上最有名的饮料(在水之后),是由于意外被发明的吗?
accident为名词,意为“意外的事,偶然的事,事故”。by accident是个固定短语,意为“偶然,意外地”,其同义介词短语是by chance。
It is quite an accident. 这是一件很偶然的事。
He found a new way to solve the problem by accident. 他偶然找到了一种解决这类问题的新方法。
Last time I ran across Jane on the street by accident. 上一次我在街上意外地遇见了简。
6. According to an ancient Chinese legend, the emperor Shen Nong discovered tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open fire. 根据中国古老的传说,皇帝神农在烧开水的时候发现了茶叶。
according to意为“根据……,按照”,其中的to是介词,后可接名词、代词或从句。
According to this passage, please tell true or false to the following sentences. 根据这篇短文,请判断出下面句子的正、误。
According to what he said, do you believe in him? 根据他所说的话,你相信他这个人吗?
7. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. 一些附近灌木植物的叶子落到了水里并煮了一会儿。
(1) nearby是由“near by”构成的复合词,作形容词讲时,意为“临近的,附近的”,作定语,既可放在被修饰的名词之前,又可放在之后。作副词时,意为“附近”,作状语。
Luckily there was a hospital nearby and they took the man there. (= a nearby hospital) 幸运的是附近有一家医院,他们把那人送到那里。
He gave his seat to the old man standing nearby. 他把座位让给了站在旁边的老人。
The plan landed nearby. 飞机在附近着陆。
(2) fall into意为“落入,陷入”。
Some ash fell into my cup. 一些灰掉进我的杯子里了。
Look out! Don’t fall into the water. 小心!不要掉进河里。
(3) remain = be still此处用作系动词,意为“仍然是”、“保持(某种状态)”,后接形容词、名词、分词或介词短语等。
Their working conditions remain poor. 他们的工作条件仍然很差。(后接形容词)
His brother became a doctor while he remained a peasant. 他哥哥成为了一名医生,但他仍然是个农民。(后接名词)
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