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obliging(obligingly什么意思)
形容词,汤姆,行为obliging(obligingly什么意思)
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be being +形容词——结构可以描述在某个特定的时间里某人的行为举止,该结构可以有以下不同的含义:
短暂的意味;临时的意味;故意为之的意味。
有特例:
He’s being sick(英国英语= He’s vomiting他在呕吐)
He’s sick (= He’s ill他病了),二者意思不同。
相对应的“be +形容词”结构,表述的是长久、不易改变的事实。
《柯林斯高级英语用法词典》第113页be用在进行时态中
在进行时态中,be不常作主动词。
但是,可以用它来描述在某个特定的时间里某人的行为举止。
You’re being very silly. 你现在很愚蠢。
《剑桥中级英语语法》(第四版中文版)第8页
He is selfish与He is being selfish比较
He is being表示“行为举止/动作表现”,相当于he is behaving/he’s acting。请比较:
I can’t understand why he’s being so selfish. He isn’t usually like that.
(being selfish表示此时此刻的行为自私)
He never thinks about other people. He is very selfish. (而不用He is being)
(他平常都很自私,不仅仅表现在此时此刻)
用am/is/are being来表示某人的行为,通常不用于其他句子中:
It’s hot today. (而不用It is being hot)
Sarah is very tired. (而不用is being tired)
《朗文英语语法》第628页 形容词/名词与be连用(暂时行为)
Some words which combine with ‘be’ to describe temporary behaviour
形容词(He’s being naughty.)
amusing, awful, babyish, bad (= naughty), boring, brave, careful, careless, cautious, childish, critical, daring, difficult, extravagant, foolish, frank, friendly, funny, greedy, helpful, idiotic, impatient, impossible, ironic, just (= fair), kind, lazy, mean, naïve, nasty, naughty, nice, obedient, obliging, odd, patient, peculiar, pedantic, polite, practical, rough, rude, sensible, silly, sincere, snobbish, stupid, tactful, tedious, tiresome, tiring, ungrateful, unpleasant, vain wasteful
名词(He’s being a baby.)
a baby, a bore, a brute, a bully, a coward, a darling, a devil, a fool, a (good) friend, hell, an idiot, a liar, a miser, a nuisance, a problem, a showoff, a silly, a snob, a threat, a worry
《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第137页be用于进行时
可以用be的进行时表示暂时的行为。
The neighbours are being very noisy today. 邻居今天非常吵闹。
I told the children off because they were being silly.
我责备了孩子们,因为他们表现得很傻。
比较下面两个句子:
You’re being stupid. (= At present you are behaving stupidly.) 你这样有点傻。
You’re stupid. (= You are always stupid. /You are a stupid person.) 你很愚蠢。
《朗文A-Z英语语法大全》第511页
be动词表示行为或活动时,也可以使用进行式,如:
being awkward, being kind, being a fool, being a nuisance。例如:
You are stupid. 你是愚蠢的。(不可改变的状态)
You are deliberately being stupid. 你是故意装傻。(一种活动)
《牛津英语用法指南》(第三版)第124页be:进行式
I am being/you are being等+形容词/名词
这一结构可以用来谈论人们的活动和行为,但一般不用来谈论感觉。试比较:
You’re being stupid. (=You’re doing stupid things.) 你真傻。
I was being very careful. (= I was doing something carefully.) 我当时非常小心。
Who’s being a silly boy, then? 那么究竟是谁是傻孩子呢?
请注意:
He’s being sick(英国英语= He’s vomiting他在呕吐)和He’s sick (= He’s ill他病了),二者意思不同。
《牛津实用英语语法》(第四版)第197页
be和某些形容词例如quiet/noisy, good/bad, wise/foolish等连用时可以用进行式,如Tom is being foolish(汤姆此刻正在说傻话或做傻事),意指主语此刻正在表现出这种特征。
试把这个句子与Tom is foolish(汤姆很愚蠢)相比较。
后一句意指汤姆在言谈和行动上总是愚蠢的。
同理:
The children are being quiet. 孩子们现在不吵不闹。相当于:
They are playing quietly now. 汤姆在安静地玩着。
但如果说The children are quiet,则可能意指孩子们平时总是安静地玩。
另外一些形容词也可以用于进行式:annoying, cautious/rash, clever/stupid, difficult, economical/extravagant, formal, funny, generous/mean, helpful/unhelpful, irritating, mysterious, optimistic/pessimistic, polite, selfish/unselfish。
其中有些形容词如stupid, difficult, funny, polite等用于进行时,可以意味着主语有意这样做。
You are being stupid(你有意装傻)可以意指You are not trying to understand(你不想努力弄懂)。
He is being difficult(他故意犯别扭)通常意味着He is raising unnecessary objections(他正在提出一些不必要的异议)。
He is being funny(他在故意做出滑稽可笑的样子)通常意味着He is only joking. Don’t believe him(他只是开玩笑,不要相信他)。
She is just being polite(她只是做也有礼貌的样子)可能意指She is only pretending to admire your car/clothes/house等(她装作表示羡慕你的车子/衣服/房子等)。
《初高中英语考点难点详解词典》(赵振才著)第120页 is being(be的现在进行时)
【问】He is naughty. He is being naughty. 这两个句子有什么区别?
【答】作为静态动词的be和have,一般是不使用进行体的。但是,当需要表达某种特殊含义(如短暂、临时、转义等)时,有时也使用进行体。He is naughty. 表达的是长久特征,是说他是个淘气的孩子。而He is being naughty. 则是说他某一次显得淘气,或者故意捣蛋,一般说来,他不是个淘气的孩子。
He is rude. (长久)他很粗鲁。
He is being rude to ask such questions. (暂时)他问这样的问题显得很粗鲁。
They are friendly. (长久,事实)他们很友好。
They are being friendly. (一时,而且是表现出来的,未必是真诚的)他们显得很友好。
从上面的例句不难看出,能与be的进行体连用的只是某些动态形容词,如angry, careful, careless, clever, foolish, generous, kind, brave, stupid, rude, polite, friendly, thoughtful等等,而静态形容词是不能与be的进行体连用的,如big, tall, dirty, large等等。
2017年10月01日
本文到此结束,希望对大家有所帮助呢。
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